Saturday, April 27, 2019

Fallen Angel (1945)

Film: Fallen Angel (1945)
Stars: Alice Faye, Dana Andrews, Linda Darnell, Charles Bickford, Anne Revere, John Carradine, Percy Kilbride
Director: Otto Preminger
Oscar History: No nominations
Snap Judgment Ranking: 2/5 stars

Each month, as part of our 2019 Saturdays with the Stars series, we highlight a different actress of Hollywood's Golden Age.  This month, our focus is on Alice Faye-click here to learn more about Ms. Faye (and why I picked her), and click here for other Saturdays with the Stars articles.


And so we conclude our short time with Alice Faye as our Star of the Month, largely where Ms. Faye herself ended her career.  We profiled a bit in our overview of Alice Faye's career (see the link above) why Fallen Angel was such a big moment in her career, and largely ended it (long story short-Faye caught on to Darryl Zanuck trying to screw her over to give a better part to Linda Darnell, and she wasn't having it so she left show business, leaving Zanuck without one of his biggest stars).  Faye would work again decades later, most notably in 1962's State Fair (where she had to play second fiddle to Pat Boone, Bobby Darin, & Ann-Margret, a new generation of musical stars), but this was it for her time as a headliner.  Considering the director here is better than any we've profiled so far in Faye's career (real talk-Otto Preminger may be the finest director we've hit for any Saturday with the Stars articles, give or take Vincente Minnelli), I was curious if Faye had overreacted, or if she indeed gets screwed over by Zanuck.  What I found was that Faye, if she had assumed she'd get the better part, was justified in her storm off, but neither actress is saving a particularly strong picture with Fallen Angel.

(Spoilers Ahead) Fallen Angel is about a love triangle in a small town between a conman of sorts Eric Stanton (Andrews), a "loose" waitress at a local diner Stella (Darnell), and the prim organist who happens to be a wealthy heiress June Mills (Faye).  Eric is intent on marrying Stella by any means necessary, but she won't go with him unless he has some money, so he tries to steal it from June, first by tricking her into giving it to him and then by marrying her to get to hers and her sister Clara's (Revere) inheritance.  This doesn't entirely work, though, because June is genuinely in love with Eric and Stella soon finds herself dead, with us assuming Eric didn't do it, but we aren't entirely sure who did.  The movie follows with Eric confessing to being a cad and then slowly falling for June (for real this time), trying to prove his innocence.  At the end of the movie, yet another guy obsessed with Stella, the detective investigating her murder (Bickford), turns out to be the killer, with Eric & June going off into the sunset together.


The film has a lot of great makings of a movie, including reuniting Andrews & Preminger, who just a year earlier had made the cinematic masterpiece Laura, which this film was clearly trying to duplicate both creatively and financially.  While it was a modest hit, it never really approaches Laura in terms of its quality.  Everyone was right to single out Darnell's Stella, who is given less screen time than I would've assumed considering her billing and star status at the time, but she's the best part about the movie.  Her Stella is dangerous, nasty, and clearly the sort of film noir character that, nowadays, would be having sex with guys just to mess with them.  She works every guy in the film, either to get what she wants or occasionally just to screw up their lives, and she looks great doing it.  The movie's best parts are all Darnell, and it falls to pieces in the back half when she disappears, and we're left with a relatively lousy mystery.  Even with a really great supporting cast (John Carradine as a conman medium! Anne Revere as an enigmatic spinster! Percy Kilbride as a lovelorn cook!) giving solid work, its script just isn't that good, and feels hollow when you compare it to the heights that Laura achieved.

Faye, for the first time this month, feels out of her element.  I wonder what the additional scenes would have been like, if they would have added some depth to her work or if this wasn't a genre that she could pull off, but she feels too mousy to be interesting compared to the stellar work that Darnell is playing.  We're meant to root for June, but what is there to root for other than she seems like a nice girl?  Her previous iterations were so compelling because they took seemingly "gold-hearted gals" and made them interesting.  Here, though, she's left with little to do other than be upstaged, and though it's a bummer that she didn't make any major movies again, perhaps the lesson of Alice Faye is that she was never given a proper shake to begin with.  Despite clear talent, beauty, and incredible star charisma, none of her movies that we profiled this month ever felt worthy of her.  One has to wonder what, a decade later, someone like Gene Kelly or Stanley Donen could have made of such a rare talent.  At the very least, while she didn't get the decades of star legend that some of her peers would get, she did seem to have a genuinely happy life with her husband Phil Harris for the next fifty years.  Unfortunately, as you'll soon see, our May Star of the Month wasn't so lucky.

Thursday, April 25, 2019

The State of the White House

The first presidential debate isn't until the end of June, but if you believe your Twitter feed, it might feel like you're the last undecided voter in the race.  Camps already seem to be forming, especially on social media, and while I'm not one of them (I've vowed to be undecided at least until the first debates, and probably will still be for a bit after as I want to see what this very impressive field does with the extended amount of time they have in the spotlight), I do feel like I can do another roundup of the Top 10 candidates most likely to be the next presidential nomination.  We did this a few months ago and while the list has changed in order, I'm actually only adding two names to the list (as two of the ten people I talked about in January shockingly didn't run, which is something virtually no one else is doing in this gargantuan field).  As a reminder, the #1 slot is the person I currently think is the most likely to win the nomination, and downward from there.  We'll see after the debates how these standings change.

10. Kirsten Gillibrand 

No person on this list has had a rougher rollout to their White House bid than the junior senator from New York.  Her fundraising was comparatively abysmal, particularly to the likes of her fellow senator from Vermont, which is pretty pathetic considering she literally represents Wall Street (it'd be one thing if her donor counts were down, but she only managed $3 million which she could have pulled off just running for reelection).  She's struggled mightily, especially with male voters, who blame her for the resignation of Al Franken, and that might not be a mountain she's going to be able to overcome.  She's still a sitting US Senator who will surely win a spot at the first debate, and I think she'd be a pretty solid counter to Trump who would appeal to swing suburban women (who will be crucial in places like Michigan & Wisconsin), but she's more on this list now based on a lack of another name candidate who deserves this spot, not because I think she has a realistic shot at the White House.  (Previous Ranking: 6)

9. Amy Klobuchar 

The only person to rival Gillibrand in terms of a terrible rollout, the senator from Minnesota also has struggled to gain a stronghold into this race, thanks in no small part to the disastrous stories that leaked about her Senate office headed into her announcement.  Klobuchar was portrayed as "the boss from hell" and hasn't really shaken that despite being very good in most of her public appearances since then; considering some of her campaigns for the Senate, it's probable that she was going to talk about bringing a "little Minnesota nice" into the race but that became too easy to mock after the stories came out.  Klobuchar's path to the nomination was always very narrow-she was going to run on electability (no person on this list, save Beto, has done as well with red voters as Klobuchar, and she'd arguably be the best option to get a "W" in the most important state on the map, Wisconsin), and use that to counter some of her more moderate platform stances.  However, she's going to need a serious breakout moment at the debates, and considering the other people who need breakout moments (Gillibrand, Booker, O'Rourke) are better public speakers than Klobuchar, that might be a struggle.  (Previous Ranking: 9)

8. Cory Booker 

People talk about how Beto O'Rourke is losing the most to Pete Buttigieg, but honestly-I think in terms of taking out competitors, no one has suffered more in the face of the smart, nice guy mayor than the guy who sort of set the mold of the smart, nice guy mayor.  Cory Booker has been talking about love, hope, compassion for years, but it hasn't resonated on the campaign trail at all, to the point where Booker isn't even doing well enough that people are harping on his political weaknesses (like school vouchers), because what's the point in attacking a guy who can barely get a crowd for his kickoff announcement?  Booker is higher than Klobuchar & Gillibrand because I feel like it's less a rejection of him than him simply not having a chance to prove himself (making the debates important), but it'd be easy to see Booker being a candidate who drops out before Iowa if he can't improve his fortunes.  (Previous Ranking: 5)

7. Julian Castro 

One of the two new names on this list may surprise you, but I think that Julian Castro is one of the savviest candidates on this list, and the one that people are most underestimating.  Unlike Booker, Klobuchar, and Gillibrand, Castro is not a sitting US Senator who should be able to manipulate the DC press corps to do his bidding.  He's managing to do the groundwork for a political campaign as a former cabinet secretary for a department few people pay attention toward (hence how the job ended up going to Ben Carson after him).  Castro is the only Latino in the race, giving him a potential advantage in high-Latino populated states like California and Nevada (both early on the primary calendar), and he has been highlighting immigration reform, which is an issue few are talking about but I suspect his aggressively progressive viewpoint on the issue might impassion the liberal base in a way that Warren or Sanders might not even go after.  (Previous Ranking: N/A)

6. Beto O'Rourke

I think expectations for Beto O'Rourke were too high, and he was bound to fall.  Everyone viewing him as the liberal poster boy/second coming against Ted Cruz discounted that every Democrat (and plenty of Republicans) just really hate Ted Cruz.  Against Elizabeth Warren or Bernie Sanders, people with obvious appeal to the liberal base, O'Rourke was always going to suffer.  That said, he demands really huge crowds, is a great speaker, had formidable fundraising numbers...about the only problem he has is the polls, and that could very easily change with debates.  I honestly toyed with keeping him a bit higher but wanted to underline that he wasn't as sky-high as initially thought.  That said, #6 and above I wouldn't bat an eye if you told me a year from now that they were the Democratic nominee, while past that I'd be a little bit curious.  (Previous Ranking: 3)

5. Pete Buttigieg

The Democratic Party has a long history of becoming infatuated with candidates that don't fit the traditional mold of the nominee (Gary Hart, Paul Tsongas, Howard Dean) and then going with a more traditional choice for the actual nomination.  They also occasionally go for the guy they just like, (Carter, Obama), and it's hard to tell which Pete Buttigieg is.  I think his performance at the town halls this week may indicate the former (he clearly needs to study up on his platform bonafides, as he won't be able to last the full race on his admittedly charming personality), though if he can do that I think he should be treated seriously.  He's clearly resonating with voters, and if you go with the theory that Trump will be succeeded by someone who is his complete opposite, a gay, Rhodes scholar former soldier in an endearingly cute relationship is about as polar as you can get.  (Previous Ranking: N/A)

4. Elizabeth Warren 

Elizabeth Warren had arguably the best performance Monday night of any candidate, and is doing something that I was curious to see if she could do-move her ambitious, in-depth plans that have policy nerds giddy into sound bytes that are easily discussable as more of the American people pay attention.  Warren's approvals in her home state, combined with an underwhelming win in 2018 (based on the national mood & her home state, she should have won by more), still make me leery, but she feels like she's about to have a moment, and if she isn't, she should probably be in the same league as Klobuchar & Booker since if it can't happen now it will never happen...but I think she's about to jump to the top tier.  (Previous Ranking: 4)

3. Kamala Harris 

Our former #1 moves down a couple of rungs because she didn't set the world on fire with her rollout.  She still did well (fundraising was amazing, though a Californian running for president better be able to bring in cash), and I think she's done better at getting her policy initiatives across than most of these candidates, but there is a risk that she'll be drowned out by Warren & Buttigieg, as there's probably not room for three candidates against Biden & Sanders as the race closes.  She'll either need to take one of them out or basically replace Biden in order to stay a viable option.  Still, as the most prominent African-American in the race, her position headed into South Carolina in the early primaries still makes her a threat, since after IA/NH/SC, there will only be a few candidates left and if she's one of them, she'll have room to quickly pivot against those other two options.  (Previous Ranking: 1)

2. Joe Biden 

Literally any other candidate would be lower, but Biden has proven shockingly resilient thanks to name recognition, and perhaps a bit more personal likability/innate strength than we've given him credit for.  Biden is #2 because he's led virtually every poll, though reading the tea leaves he's running a lousy campaign, consistently putting off his announcement for president, not being able to fully counter some of the early attacks against him, and showing a sluggish operation right out of the gate.  There's a very real risk that people are saying "Biden" when they state their preference but really mean "Obama," which is understandable, but a guise that Joe Biden can't keep up for long as an actual candidate, particularly if he's going to do a clumsy rollout.  Still, as long as he's leading in the polls he needs to be taken seriously, though we don't know yet whether his lead is Hillary in 2016 or Jeb in 2016.  (Previous Ranking: 2)

1. Bernie Sanders

I underestimated Bernie Sanders in our last write-up, something I won't be doing again.  I assumed that his supporters were picking him in 2016 mostly because for hard-left progressives, there just weren't any other options.  In 2020, there are (Warren, certainly, but also Harris & Castro), but support for Sanders doesn't seem to be budging, and virtually no other candidate has been able to have a shadow negative campaigning operation that has been more advantageous than Sanders (it's either a coincidence that Beto, Biden, and now Buttigieg have all had some of their hardest hits when they were climbing the polls, or Bernie Sanders' campaign knows what it's doing).  Sanders is no slam dunk (a lot of Democrats loathe him for 2016 and would vote for virtually anyone else, blaming him as much as a Jill Stein for losing that election for Hillary Clinton), but if Biden doesn't improve his operation, and we see Harris/Warren/Beto/Buttigieg all fighting it out at third, there's no reason to assume that Bernie Sanders can't take the nomination in a split contest.  (Previous Ranking: 7)

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

12 Greatest Unsolved Hollywood Mysteries

Hollywood is the place where dreams are made...but occasionally, the stars and star-seekers that go there find themselves trapped in the middle of a nightmare.  Today we're going to take a look at that reality, by putting movies through the lens of one of the most popular trends in podcasts in recent years, true crime, and in particular, investigating unsolved mysteries.

The film community is notorious for scandal, to the point where it's nearly the backbone of the industry, but today's focus isn't just going to be on scandal-it's going to be on murder, or deaths that still seem to be under "suspicious" lens even if they might have been ruled an accident or suicide.  I'm not a huge fan of straight crime drama podcasts, where we hear the story of a specific case and then learn who the killer is at the end of it, so we will also be adding a dose of mystery here-all of the crimes or figures we're going to profile today are still unsolved mysteries.  Some of them are truly cold cases, crimes that to this day remain unsolved, while others have lingering doubt surrounding their conclusions, with people curious about the circumstances of a specific person's death.  This being Hollywood, there are certainly more than twelve such crimes, but I'm going to profile the twelve that I find most fascinating, looking at the "who" of who was involved, the unusual aspects of the death, and why this case still carries such fascination for people entranced by either Hollywood or true crime.  Since it's morbid to rank what essentially are real-life tragedies, they are all listed alphabetically.

Note: There are a few names missing here that are arguably involved in some of the most infamous homicides or deaths in Hollywood history.  Part of why I didn't include them was either I don't buy into the conspiracy theories at all (Marilyn Monroe), I actually agree with the findings of the criminal justice system and don't really have anything to say (Lana Turner & Johnny Stompanato), or because the crime has been so discussed in the news at this point it's not even worth bringing up (Nicole Brown Simpson, Bonnie Lee Bakley).  But of course no list of the most famous crimes/suspicious deaths in Hollywood would be complete without mentioning them.  Also, I go into some of the details of the crimes here and as a result there is some sensitive subject matter for a few of these cases, so if that sort of thing makes you squeamish, proceed with caution.

Georgette Bauerdorf
Georgette Bauerdorf

The Hollywood Connection: During World War II, in order to promote the war effort, film stars Bette Davis & John Garfield created the Hollywood Canteen, which was a place where servicemen could go before they were shipped off to war, and meet famous Hollywood stars.  In total, 3 million servicemen walked through the doors of the establishment, and there was even a film made about the canteen in 1944 starring Joan Leslie.  A highlight for the men would be that they would get to dance with the beautiful women that were working at the Canteen, which ran the gamut from headliners like Marlene Dietrich & Hedy Lamarr to run-of-the-mill contract players and simply pretty girls who were hoping to get their big break through proximity to Hollywood.  One of these young women was 20-year-old Georgette Bauerdorf, an oil heiress who had come to Los Angeles from New York in hopes of getting into the pictures.
The Murder: On October 11, 1944, Bauerdorf supposedly went straight home from work at the Canteen.  The day before, she had bought a ticket to visit a soldier she'd met at the Canteen stationed in El Paso (fraternizing outside the Canteen with soldiers was strictly forbidden).  She had a snack of green beans and melon, and then went to her bedroom, where, according to authorities, someone was lying in wait for her; others have stated that Bauerdorf let the man in-it's not entirely clear, though green beans were found in Bauerdorf's stomach so presumably she was in her house for a while before the murder took place.  Bauerdorf, according to the autopsy surgeon, had put up a fight against the assailant, who had removed the light bulbs from her room so that the lights wouldn't go on; she was bruised & beaten from the attack, and the cause of death was determined to be strangulation. She was found face down in a bathtub.
Why It's Unsolved: There were several leads.  Bauerdorf, a pretty girl, had had several men infatuated with her, but none of the men identified as pursuing her was considered a suspect for long, as all had alibis.  Bauerdorf wasn't known for entertaining men, and while there was a neighbor who said he'd purportedly heard the struggle, it was never confirmed and he assumed it to be a domestic squabble so he didn't report it at the time.  While money and her car had been potentially stolen (her car was found several days later with an empty gas tank and a dent), she had jewelry, silver, and a roll of cash that were in a nearby trunk that weren't taken, so it didn't appear to be a robbery-homicide, or at least it was one that was very poorly executed.  To this day no one has come forward claiming to be Bauerdorf's killer, and from what I can find there aren't even a lot of theories as to whom it could be, just who it likely isn't.  I will dispel a rumor, though, since it's arguably the most famous tidbit about Bauerdorf-there is no evidence that she ever met Elizabeth Short (whom we'll get to in a second), as Bauerdorf was dead by the time Short had moved to Los Angeles, so if she shared the same killer as Short or any connection to that crime, that would be a massive coincidence.

Bob Crane
Bob Crane

The Hollywood Connection: While Bauerdorf's connection to Hollywood was slightly more tangential, Crane was in fact a proper star before his murder and the grisly facts surrounding it emerged.  Throughout the 1960's, the comedian gained national prominence first as David Kelsey on The Donna Reed Show, and then for his most iconic role, as Robert Hogan on Hogan's Heroes, a huge hit for CBS that won Crane two Emmy nominations.  By the time of his death, though, Hogan's Heroes had been off the air for seven years and his career had taken a sharp nosedive.  In the years after Hogan's Heroes, Crane had been introduced by his costar Richard Dawson to John Henry Carpenter, a manager at a local electronics store who specialized in video equipment.  Crane, who was later described by his relatives as a "sex addict" would seduce women with his celebrity and then video tape them having sex with he and Carpenter (reports vary on if the women knew at the time they were being videotaped).
The Murder: Crane was found in his Arizona apartment on June 29, 1978 by a costar in the play he was doing at the time.  He had been beaten by an unidentified blunt instrument, which was never confirmed, though it was suspected to be a camera tripod.  An electrical cord was wrapped around his neck, though the blunt instrument was the cause of death according to the police.
Why It's Unsolved: The discovered video tapes linked Crane to Carpenter, but there wasn't enough evidence at the time to charge him.  Blood had been found in Carpenter's rental car that matched Crane's blood type (they did not match Carpenter's or anyone else that Carpenter had claimed had been in the car), but in a pre-DNA testing era, there was no way to confirm precisely that this was Crane's blood.  Later it was discovered via a photograph that there had been brain tissue in the car (Crane had been hit in the head), and Carpenter was tried for the murder in 1992.  At the trial, there didn't appear to be enough evidence to convict Carpenter with no testable DNA sample; the blood from the car wasn't able to be tested conclusively, the murder weapon was never found, and Carpenter's attorneys pointed out (correctly) that the many women who had been videotaped also had reason to want Crane dead.  Carpenter died four years later, and Crane's son eventually stated that he thought his stepmother, actress Sigrid Valdis, may have killed Crane for her inheritance.  To this day, the murder of Bob Crane remains unsolved.  His life was dramatized in the 2002 film Auto Focus where Crane was played by Greg Kinnear and Carpenter was portrayed by Willem Dafoe.


Thomas Ince
Thomas Ince

The Hollywood Connection: We jump back a half century to the Silent Era here, to Thomas Ince, a famed film director of the 1910's who was one of the founders of what would eventually become Sony Pictures.  By 1924, he was a major player in Hollywood, and there was talk that his new studio would be joining with William Randolph Hearst's Cosmopolitan Productions.
The Murder(?): Hearst through a party for Ince's 44th birthday, among those onboard were Hollywood luminaries like Charlie Chaplin and Hearst's mistress Marion Davies.  While on the boat, Ince had indigestion (supposedly due to eating salted almonds and champagne, strictly forbidden on his diet), and was taken to a hotel in San Diego County, where he received medical treatment but still died from heart failure, potentially brought on by angina.
Why It's Unsolved: You may be wondering where the problems are here, as Ince simply died of natural causes.  However, rumors persist to this day that Ince did not die from heart failure but instead was shot aboard Hearst's yacht, potentially by Hearst himself.  It was claimed immediately after Ince's death in the LA Times that he had been shot, though they quickly issued a correction.  Ince's body was cremated, so an autopsy once the rumors became too big to ignore wasn't possible.  If you believe Hollywood legend, Hearst wasn't even trying to kill Ince-he was trying to kill Charlie Chaplin, whom he suspected of having an affair with his lover Davies, and missed, shooting Ince instead.  After the death, rumors also persisted that gossip columnist Louella Parsons witnessed the shooting, and as a bribe for her silence, Hearst offered her a lifetime contract and a nationally-syndicated column, making her a household name.  To this day it is not known whether Ince was murdered or died of heart failure.  His alleged murder was portrayed in The Cat's Meow where Ince was played by Cary Elwes, Hearst by Edward Herrmann, Chaplin by Eddie Izzard, Davies by Kirsten Dunst, and Parsons by Jennifer Tilly.


Dorothy Kilgallen
Dorothy Kilgallen

The Hollywood Connection: One of Parsons' rivals during the 1950's and 60's was Dorothy Kilgallen, also a Hearst gossip columnist, who was most well-known for her appearances on the game show What's My Line.  Kilgallen was the first columnist to write about Elvis Presley, carried on a notorious feud with Frank Sinatra, and was well-known for getting involved in court reporting, particularly the trials of Lenny Bruce and Sam Sheppard.
The Murder(?): On November 8, 1965, Kilgallen was found dead in her Manhattan townhouse, just hours after having filmed an episode of What's My Line.  The coroner's report stated that the death was a lethal combination of alcohol and barbiturates, killing the 52-year-old Kilgallen.  Her New York funeral was enormous, with show business figures like Betty White and Joan Crawford in attendance, and she was never replaced as a panelist on What's My Line.
Why It's Unsolved: Like Ince, rumors have persisted for years that Kilgallen's death was "a little too" mysterious.    This is almost entirely related to Kilgallen's coverage of the Kennedy assassination, and specifically the trial of Jack Ruby.  Kilgallen was a prominent skeptic of the Warren Commission, assuming a conspiracy had been in play about the Kennedy assassination, and was reportedly working on a book that would discuss Ruby's trial.  Joe Tonahill, Ruby's lawyer, is on the record saying that Ruby was more impressed by Kilgallen than any other reporter, and Kilgallen did get a private interview with Ruby at one point during the trial, supposedly the only reporter to do so, though the length of that interview is debated.  Wherever the Kennedy assassination goes, so too go conspiracies, and Kilgallen's death considering her close proximity to Ruby and claims that she had insider information about the assassination as a result, have fueled conspiracy theorists for years.  These theories are further aided by her husband Richard Kollmar also dying of an overdose six years later, of an apparent suicide; Kollmar was on a different floor of the house the night that Kilgallen died.


Virginia Rappe
Virginia Rappe

The Hollywood Connection: The earliest unsolved case on this list, Rappe was a bit actress in the movies, but was more well-known professionally as a model and fashion designer, but her relationship to Hollywood was pretty tenuous.  That is not, however, the case for the man who was accused of murdering her: Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, was in his era the highest-paid & most well-known star in Hollywood, making a then-astronomical $1 million a year as a salary.  The trial caused a public sensation considering Arbuckle's considerable celebrity (it'd be the equivalent today of Emma Stone or Leonardo DiCaprio being on trial).
The Murder(?): At a Labor Day party on September 5, 1921, Virginia Rappe was attending a party with Arbuckle as well as several other figures.  According to reports, Rappe became ill, but was not taken to the hospital right away, for reasons that remain questionable to this day.  Four days later, Rappe died at the age of only 26 from a ruptured bladder.
Why It's Unsolved: Allegations came forward almost immediately after Rappe's death that she had accused Arbuckle of raping, and as a result, murdering her, the night of the Labor Day party.  According to Rappe's friend Maude Delmont, Arbuckle assaulted Rappe, which caused her bladder to rupture.  Arbuckle alleged that Rappe had a history of "acting inappropriately" at parties with men, and that Rappe had a history of bladder issues, which a doctor later in the court case did confirm.  This caused a sensational scandal in Hollywood, with Arbuckle being tried three times before eventually being acquitted of manslaughter for Rappe's death, though his career was essentially ruined afterwards (there was even at one point a ban on Arbuckle's films in certain municipalities).  While it became fashionable later on to claim that Arbuckle was the victim of a terrible miscarriage of justice, there are still those today who believe he got away with murder.  After all, Arbuckle's version of what happened that night doesn't match anyone else's story of the evening (not Delmont, not the maid, not any of the other guests at the party), though as the trials went on multiple people changed their stories, and the third trial seemed to end mysteriously (the jury was out for five minutes, came back not guilty and basically had a letter ready to go criticizing the media for going after Arbuckle, heavily implying that the defense lawyers had written the letter, and perhaps bought the verdict).  Arbuckle maintained his innocence for the rest of his life, but nearly 100 years later we still don't know if Virginia Rappe was murdered or died of natural causes.


George Reeves

The Hollywood Connection: Though Reeves had bit parts in a pair of film classics (he's in the opening scene of Gone with the Wind and had a small role in From Here to Eternity), his most noted role was as the very first onscreen Superman, first in a B-movie and then in a television series that ran for most of the 1950's.  Reeves famously hated the role, but it brought him something that the movies hadn't: stardom.  The actor became a hero to young children despite his messy personal life, and even appeared in an episode of I Love Lucy in character.  At the time of his death, Reeves had ended an affair with Toni Mannix, a former showgirl and the wife of MGM fix-it man Eddie Mannix.
The Murder(?): Reeves died from a gunshot wound to the head on June 16, 1959.  A party had been happening with several of Reeves' friends, including his fiance Leonore Lemmon, socialite Carol van Ronkel, and neighbor William Bliss.  Late into the night (past midnight), Reeves allegedly shot himself upstairs while his guests drunkenly were partying on the first floor.  Bliss found the body, and based on its position most assumed Reeves had been sitting down and fell backwards after the bullet killed him.  Reeves' fiance Lemmon blamed the suicide on Reeves failed career, stating he was tired of being pigeonholed into playing Superman.
Why's It Unsolved?: There are a lot of unanswered questions around Reeves death.  First, why didn't anyone at the party think to call the police immediately-this has been blamed on inebriation, but we're not talking about a Prohibition-era party like the Thomas Ince incident-someone must have realized that their friend dying meant a need to stop the drinking?  There also was no gunpower residue on Reeves hands and there were no fingerprints on the gun, though that may have been due to the gun being recently oiled.  There were three bullet holes, despite everyone at the party claiming they heard only one shot from the gun, and there was no test of whether or not there was gun residue in Reeves' skull, which would have been present if he'd indeed killed himself at short range.  Rumors have persisted that Reeves might have been murdered in a fight with his fiancee Lemmon or perhaps Eddie Mannix, as retribution for the affair that had just been ended (by Reeves) with Mannix's wife, had arranged for the death; years later the entire sequence was dramatized in Hollywoodland with Ben Affleck as Reeves, Diane Lane as Toni, Bob Hoskins as Eddie, and Robin Tunney as Lemmon.  Whatever, the reason, there's a sense of irony in the man who was once "faster than a speeding bullet" being killed by a bullet that no one can explain.


Elizabeth Short
Elizabeth Short

The Hollywood Connection: She's been so enmeshed into pop culture at this point as perhaps the country's most famous murder victim that it's sometimes hard to remember Elizabeth Short was once just a regular person.  She's arguably both the most famous Hollywood murder and the one that is the least connected to Hollywood.  By some accounts she was an aspiring actress, though unlike virtually every other person on this list save Beaurdorf, she never actually appeared in any film or television programs.  Her connection to Hollywood would come posthumously, when she was named by the papers after the Veronica Lake/Alan Ladd film The Blue Dahlia: "The Black Dahlia."
The Murder: Because of the fame surrounding Elizabeth Short (we could genuinely do an entire article just devoted to her, or quite frankly a series of articles devoted to this crime and its impact on Hollywood), it's very hard to get an accurate depiction of what precisely happened to Short.  What we do know is that her body was discovered on January 15, 1947, six days after she was last spotted leaving the Crown Grill Cocktail Lounge near the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles.  Her body had been mutilated to the point where the woman who initially discovered the corpse thought it was a mannequin, with her body severed at the waist and her face slashed to form a "Glasgow Smile" (it's too gross for me to link what that is, but use Google at your own discretion here).  Her body had clearly been washed and staged, so there had been a risk that the murderer would be caught with the corpse, though this part of Los Angeles was underdeveloped at the time.  The precision with which she was killed made many then-and-now believe that the killer had had some sort of medical background.
Why's It Unsolved?: The death caused a media firestorm, and that press storm actually lead to several clues from Short's killer.  A package was sent to the Los Angeles Examiner containing Short's belongings, including her birth certificate and an address book with the names of multiple men, including Mark Hansen (whose name was embossed on the book), but all had alibis.  A $10,000 reward was posted for information leading to the killer, but no one was found, and several more letters were sent to the police or the Examiner.  In the years that followed, there were hundreds of men that were accused of the murder, including George Hodel, a physician whose son said after his death that his father had been the killer.  Indeed, Hodel had been accused previously of having killed his secretary, but his son's book also states that his father was the Chicago Lipstick Killer and the Zodiac Killer who terrorized the Bay Area in the 1960's, so it feels a stretch of the imagination to assume he was the killer of all of these people in very different styles.  Even celebrities like Woody Guthrie, Orson Welles, and Bugsy Siegel have been accused through the years of being the killer, though in all cases with tenuous evidence at best.  To this day the case remains unsolved, but a source of much public speculation, including a 2006 film with Mia Kirschner as Elizabeth Short (though that ends with a fictionalized solving of the crime).

Jean Spangler
Jean Spangler

The Hollywood Connection: Spangler like a number of people on this list, didn't have a particularly strong connection to Hollywood, and would not be famous were it not for the mystery around her death.  Spangler was an extra in several films in the late 1940's, appearing in films featuring Betty Grable, Celeste Holm, and Kirk Douglas in Young Man with a Horn.
The Murder(?): While it's morbid to play favorites with such things, this is the case I find most interesting of these twelve.  Spangler, a film extra, had dropped her daughter off with her sister-in-law and claimed that she was working a movie that night and might not be back until later.  Spangler also said she was going to go talk to her ex-husband about a child support payment-neither of these things ended up being true, as reportedly Spangler never went to talk to her husband and the Screen Extras Guild didn't have Spangler scheduled for work that night.  Spangler was spotted at a Farmers Market early in the evening of October 7, 1949, just after dropping off her daughter-it was the last time anyone could confirm having seen Jean Spangler alive.  A missing person's report was filed, and three days later Spangler's purse was found in a park with a note that read, "Kirk: Can't wait any longer, Going to see Dr. Scott.  It will work best his way wile (sic) mother is away."  Despite an exhaustive nationwide search, 26-year-old Jean Spangler was never seen or heard from again.
Why's It Unsolved?: Rumors abound about what exactly it was that made Jean Spangler lie to her sister-in-law that night, abandoning her daughter, and then disappear forever.  Rumors ranged from her being swept up in the mob (an accusation her sister vehemently denied) to trying to get an illegal abortion, as several of her friends were convinced she had been pregnant at the time, and had confessed to her friend Robert Cummings that she was having an affair with a married man.  Some even worried that the beautiful Spangler had fallen to the same man who killed Elizabeth Short.  Because of the contents of the letter, and the fact that she was making Young Man with a Horn at the time, Kirk Douglas became involved in the case, claiming initially that he'd never met Spangler, and then after being pressed, stating that he had joked with her onset but didn't know her personally and had been in Palm Springs at the time.  Sightings of Spangler were reported across California, Arizona, and Mexico in the years that followed, but no one ever found her, and as a result, never discovered why and how she disappeared.

Inger Stevens
Inger Stevens

The Hollywood Connection: Stevens was a beautiful blonde actress from Sweden who came with her family to the United States before running away from home, finding success on the burlesque circuit, and then eventually getting her big break opposite Bing Crosby in Man on Fire.  While she was most famous in her era for her work as the lead on The Farmer's Daughter (for which she won a Golden Globe), she is best known to modern audiences for her work in the classic Twilight Zone episode "The Hitch-Hiker."
The Murder(?): If you believe Hollywood lore, Inger Stevens had a bad habit of sleeping with her male costars, as Crosby, Anthony Quinn, Harry Belafonte, Dean Martin, and Burt Reynolds all reportedly had affairs with her.  After the relationship with Crosby, she reportedly considered suicide and eventually did attempt suicide in the late 1950's (an action she later called "stupid").  Despite this assertion, after her death at age 36, the coroner stated that her death had been a result of suicide by barbiturates.  She died on her way to the hospital, after having tried to tell her roommate Lola something but being unable to speak.
Why's It Unsolved?: The problem with suicide being the culprit is that Stevens was on a career upswing.  At the time she had just been cast as the lead in an upcoming series from Aaron Spelling, and was generally thought to be quite happy.  Now, "seemingly happy" people do commit suicide, but it's worth asking questions over when it does happen, particularly since there was no way that Stevens had taken the pill overdose accidentally (you don't "accidentally" take 25-50 pills).  Stevens family didn't buy the suicide argument, and there was evidence to back them up.  There were bruises on Stevens' arm, indicating some sort of abuse, and the pill bottle didn't have her name on it.  Stevens, famously vain, didn't put on her makeup before she killed herself, instead being found in ratty slippers.  Some conspiracies even revolve around actor Burt Reynolds, who saw Stevens the night of her death, and has admitted to having been physically abusive to the actress during their relationship. Even if she did kill herself, her death still brought about strange occurrences.  After she died, film producer Ike Jones claimed that he had secretly been married to Stevens, and eventually inherited her estate.

William Desmond Taylor

The Hollywood Connection: William Desmond Taylor is, of the confirmed murders on this list (rather than all of the cases where it could be murder or could be suicide/accident/other causes), arguably the one with the strongest hold on Hollywood.  During the 1910's and 20's, he was a significant film director and actor, working with actors like Mary Pickford and Wallace Reid, as well as his protegee Mary Miles Minter.  His death was a huge scandal in Hollywood, and one of the main causes of the eventual Hays Code.
The Murder: Taylor was found dead on February 2, 1922, in his home in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles.  Taylor had been shot, upon medical examination, in his side, with the bullet being lodged in his neck.  It had been at close range, probably by someone shorter than him.  He had $78 in his pocket (the equivalent to over $1000 today), a silver cigarette case, a locket, and a pocket watch, so it was unlikely that robbery had been the reason for his murder.
Why's It Unsolved?: The newspapers at the time, coming off the deaths of Virginia Rappe and Olive Thomas, had a field day with the murder, printing so much gossip along with the facts that based on what I ended up reading about this case, I struggled to find all of the facts.  The most interesting suspect, to me, was Edward Sands, a valet of Taylor's who some believe was his secret brother, someone whom he was covering up (Taylor's previous name and marriage had been hidden by him when he was a star, but it all came out once he was murdered); Sands disappeared after the murder, never to be seen again.  More salacious to the media were the women in his life, including Minter, Minter's mother Charlotte Shelby, and comedienne Mabel Normand, all of whom were linked to the murders and were rumored to be having affairs with Taylor, though Normand & Minter denied this (and there were rumors at the time that Taylor was having an affair with a man).  Actress Margaret Gibson confessed to the murder in 1964 on her deathbed, but she was never a suspect at the time (though she was in Los Angeles the night of the murder), and since all of the evidence had long since been destroyed, there was no way to confirm Gibson's claims.


Thelma Todd

The Hollywood Connection: In the early 1930's, before Jean Harlow, before Carole Lombard, before Ginger Rogers...there was Thelma Todd.  Todd, with her bleached blonde hair and comic wit, became a headlining star in the earliest days of the talkies, best known for her work in the Marx Brothers classics Monkey Business and Horse Feathers.
The Murder(?): Todd died on December 16, 1935.  She had spent the previous evening at a party hosted by actress Ida Lupino, and had had a fight with her ex-husband Pat DiCicco.  She was found in her car, no apparent sign of struggle and no suicide note, outside the home of her married lover Roland West.
Why It's Unsolved?: The official description of what happened on that fateful night in 1935 is that Thelma Todd died as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning, a tragic accident or possible suicide.  However, with the success of her club at the time, it seems unlikely that Todd was suicidal, and there were people who could have gained from her death, namely Roland West or his wife Jewel Carmen.  The conspiracy theories range from West killing her on the famed yacht Joyita (which decades later would be the host of one of the most puzzling maritime unsolved mysteries of all time) & putting her in the car or that simply Carmen or West had shut the garage door with the car still running on a sleeping Thelma Todd.  The papers were so obsessed with the death of this beautiful blonde woman that it's next-to-impossible to find the truth of what happened that night even from an historical perspective, much less trying to decipher whether Thelma Todd was murdered or simply died from an unfortunate accident.

Natalie Wood

The Hollywood Connection: You'll note that while there are recognizable names on this list, none of them are particularly famous, none of them would be all that well-remembered today except for their shocking deaths.  That is not the case for our final figure, Natalie Wood.  A child star, she was a three-time Oscar nominee who had starred in iconic films like Miracle on 34th Street, Rebel Without a Cause, and West Side Story before a freak accident (or perhaps something more nefarious) caused her to die at the age of 43.
The Murder(?): On November 28, 1981, Wood went on her husband Robert Wagner's yacht with actor Christopher Walken and ship captain Dennis Davern.  The next day, after a party the previous night, Wood's body was found washed up a mile away from the boat, with bruises on her arms and a cut on her left cheek.  Though Wagner claimed that he had had a fight with Wood that night (reportedly he had been jealous of Wood flirting with Walken), he said that he went to bed alone, and the next morning Wood was found near a dinghy, with the assumption being that Wood had gone out on the dinghy, returned, and in an inebriated state (alcohol combined with some medication), slipped and drowned while trying to re-board the boat.
Why It's Unsolved?: There are a lot of questions surrounding Wood's death, to the point where just last year Wagner was named a "person of interest" in the investigation into her death.  Wood, according to her sister Lana, was deeply afraid of the water and her sister claims would never have gone out alone on the boat.  There were also witnesses who claimed they heard a woman's screams on the nearby boat.  Davern, one of the only four people on the boat, has claimed that he thinks Wagner is responsible for Wood's death, and that Wagner refused to turn on the lights and that he held off on notifying the authorities.  Some forty years later, Wood's death remains a mystery, with many wondering whether in a jealous rage, her husband (who is still alive and working) got away with murder, or whether he's been unfairly maligned for decades for the strange circumstances of Natalie Wood's death.

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Ranting On...Cancellation Culture

Carlos Maza
I am not someone that particularly likes partisan podcasts or partisan discussions from talking heads/pundits.  I am a political junkie, someone who eats up the minutia of politics, but I don't like seeing people discuss or debate issues, and am not someone who enjoys listening to this for hours on end.  The entire concept of someone like Sean Hannity is lost on me not just because of his politics (though that's probably enough), but instead because I think it's tedious and boring.  What I find fascinating in politics is reading about specific races, or perhaps documentaries about a specific issue, but actually watching people have debates between each other about an issue or concept is exhausting and dull; I don't get why, if people like this sort of thing, they don't just watch C-Span and watch the actual politicians who make the actual decisions hash through these issues.

Which is why I was surprised as anyone when I began to really like Carlos Maza, whose show Strikethrough on Vox is basically a dissection of the news, and in particular Fox News.  Admittedly this is partially a slight crush thing on Maza, who is about as cute as a talking head can get between his giant brown eyes and consistent nerdiness (he frequently launches into Dungeons-n-Dragons jargon that I don't get but find adorable), but putting my crush aside, he's very good at getting straight to the point of the news, frequently shows that I don't watch but am aware are important in the political landscape, and finding exactly why they might be problematic or concerning (he'd be the first to likely point out that me admitting I have a crush on him isn't great journalism, but I also believe in honesty).  This is completely keeping with the Vox brand, as Ezra Klein has done a good job of crafting a left-of-center media outlet that rarely feels like it's skewing the truth to fit its agenda, and has become one of the few sources of news I go to to decipher complex issues.

Maza yesterday tweeted something that stuck with me, and summed up a nagging feeling I've been having on social media, especially in the past few months.  Yesterday, after the unveiling of Sen. Elizabeth Warren's plan for paying off student loans, there was a healthy debate of people displaying "thumbs up" style gifs in support of Warren's plans, and the occasional hot takes from people like Joel Pavelski, a writer for GQ Magazine who tweeted, then largely took back, "I don't know if people are aware of this but you could just not attend a college you can't afford."  Maza's tweet (which said, in case he deletes it making this article make no sense, "I recognize the value of communal shaming and also know that I'm going to be absolutely wrecked if/when the Twitter hordes come for me.  I've experienced it before and it was an actual nightmare.  Seeing people you admire make fun of you.  It's really scarring.") on the surface seemed to be "subtweeting" Pavelski's, as the two have at least been friendly (publicly) on Twitter based on a quick search of their tweets (reminder: everything you say on the internet stays there forever).  This made me think-is Maza correct, in assuming that perhaps we are all just one bad tweet from everyone in our circle "cancelling" us?

I think, like most of his videos, this opens up a discussion worth having, as cancellation culture has gotten out-of-hand.  I feel in some cases a public shaming can be healthy.  Considering the odious, frequently racist or dangerous things said by the likes of Laura Ingraham or Tucker Carlson on their programs, it makes sense to me to that people know who their sponsors are, and call them out for it.  But when we cancel a specific person, particularly for what appeared to be an inarticulate tweet or for trying to publicly figure out their opinions of an issue, what is that really accomplishing?

I see this with the Democratic Primaries, with people insulting, ridiculing, and shaming supporters of Pete Buttigieg, insinuating that a curiosity about a smart, capable man running for president is a bad thing (it's not, particularly if you're like me and still deciding whom you're going to vote for & want to learn more about a rising candidate).  I see it with the arts, where having an appreciation for a film or TV show that is starring or produced by someone "problematic" makes people jump to assume you support the worst aspects about that artist.  I saw it this past week with several Twitter accounts I like getting attacked simply for following Aaron Schock on Instagram, never-minding the reasons why someone might follow him (perhaps ironically?).  And I see it with something like Pavelski's tweets yesterday, where a public musing has the entire Twitterverse not just out to argue with him (which is fine-public discourse is good, and even I engaged in it), but making it seem personal and forcing him to fit into a specific mold in order to stop his cancellation.  That's wrong, in my opinion, and stifles a discussion about ideas.

After all, I don't know that I agree with every aspect of Sen. Warren's plans, even if I like where her head is at.  I don't know if it's correct to forgive debt across-the-board, but I'm aware that student debt relief is a problem that hurts our economy and is increasingly terrible.  I had just shy of $50k worth of student loan debt when I left college twelve years ago (if memory serves me correctly), a number that surely would be higher today, and it took me twelve years of throwing extra cash each month to finally finish the loan.  I put off buying a house, a car, a dog, travel, all things that would have stimulated the economy and I'm not alone.  But I'm also aware that the "tax the rich" well can only be gone to so many times, and I think that universal healthcare & climate change may be more damning financial problems to our society than student loan debt, so I want to understand what Warren's way of paying for these other issues are, as well as what her opponent's views are, before I start countering with other people that their viewpoint is inaccurate.  It's entirely possible that, say, putting a time limit on student loans or putting parameters (you can only be expected to pay a specific percentage of your annual income for ten years) would be a more affordable plan that gets the same results AND solves other pressing problems.  I don't know, and neither do you, because we still haven't seen all of the proposals from all of the candidates yet, and signing up for the first candidate to get out-of-the-gate isn't a great way to select a leader, even if a Twitter-happy president has conditioned us to believe that the quickest reaction is the best one.

This is why I'm not getting into one political corner too soon, and starting to demonize the rest of the internet (to be fair, I'm not big on demonizing at all, but I'm not even making an impassioned speech for anyone at this point).  I like Warren and may well vote for her, but I like Harris, Beto, Buttigieg, Biden, Gillibrand, Booker, Inslee, and Klobuchar too (names that are not on that list are not on there for a reason-I'm undecided, but I'm not available for everyone).  I'm going to base my decision not with who gives the shiniest rollout, but with who can handle the heat of what will be a very tough, close campaign, and I'll likely donate to multiple campaigns before everything is over.  I also am going to try a little harder to stay away from jumping on cancellation bandwagons, especially if that person seems to be being cancelled for simply publicly questioning policy rather than something more nefarious.  Public shaming can have its place, but it's a tool that needs to be used with more care than it currently is, because as Mr. Maza said-it could easily come for your random comment next.

Monday, April 22, 2019

Why Terry McAuliffe Made the Smart Call

Gov. Terry McAuliffe (D-VA)
This past week, something that normally would be run-of-the-mill but has since become a shock happened-a major, prominent Democrat decided not to run for president.  Terry McAuliffe, the former governor of Virginia and a longtime political ally of the Clintons, announced that he would decline a run for the White House in 2020, instead focusing on helping the Democrats win back the State Senate and General Assembly, both houses that the Republicans hold the slimmest of majorities in.  I thought this was worth discussing on the blog here, both because I'm already a little Democratic Primaried out (it will go in waves-I'll be into it once the first round of sniping at each other is over), and because it's always fascinating to watch how different, ambitious politicians approach their quest for further influence and power.

It's worth noting that Terry McAuliffe has always been an unlikely survivor when it comes to politics.  He spent most of the 1990's as one of the biggest figures in the Clinton circles, raising money for the 42nd president, but also gaining a rather seedy reputation for mixing his business connections with his political influence & fundraising (this was a problem that a lot in Bill Clinton's circle had during the 1990's, and indeed that continued to be a problem headed into Hillary's presidential runs).  He served four years as DNC Chair, eventually ending his tenure as an easy punching bag for not getting John Kerry elected in 2004, and eventually became a major figure in Hillary Clinton's failed 2008 bid for president.  After that, in 2009, he ran a distant second in the Virginia gubernatorial primary, and most people assumed he'd slide into the private sector, only to be heard of on primetime round tables on CNN election nights like all former DNC chairs.

But McAuliffe pulled off one of the most remarkable second acts I've seen in recent political history.  In 2013, Barack Obama had just won reelection, historically a bad harbinger for people of the same party in Virginia gubernatorial contests, but McAuliffe paid it no mind and decided to pursue a second run for Virginia's governor.  Many of the most serious candidates (people like Tom Perriello and Chap Peterson) declined to run in what was surely a losing race, and the Democrats appeared to suck-it-up and assume that at least McAuliffe would be a good fundraiser, perhaps helping the rest of the ticket, but that he'd ultimately lose and this would be the end of McAuliffe, leading the way for someone better in 2017.  That didn't happen though-the Republicans biffed by nominating AG Ken Cuccinelli, a hard-right winger who was too conservative for the purple-headed-blue state, and perhaps the only person that McAuliffe could beat, and he did.  More shocking-McAuliffe, given the first personal electoral victory of his career, enjoyed a celebrated tenure as governor.  He was popular when he left office, oversaw huge drops in unemployment, was a major figure in voting rights reform & on LGBTQ issues, and created the sort of left-of-center profile that would certainly play well in a Democratic primary.

So why isn't he running for president at the age of 62?  I think it's partially because McAuliffe is aware that some of the demons of his time in the 1990's aren't erased yet.  In the same way that Joe Biden is going to repeatedly hear the words "Anita Hill" for the next 12 months, McAuliffe's associations with the Clinton administration would be a liability.  Terry McAuliffe is someone no one would accuse of being uniquely self-aware (if he was, he never would've run for public office in the first place), but he certainly saw the writing on the wall here.  But I also don't think that he has given up on presidential hopes for himself, either, and knows that the best way to distinguish himself would be to regain power in an increasingly blue state, which feels exactly like what's happening here.

Virginia has weird term limit laws-you can't run for reelection as governor, but you can run for non-consecutive terms.  In the past year, Ralph Northam and Mark Herring both admitted to doing blackface in the 1980's, while Justin Fairfax has been accused of sexual assault.  Assuming that neither of the state's two senators were to run for governor (seems doubtful considering they both have turned down such opportunities in the past), that means there are no statewide Democrats who are scandal-free headed into the 2021 governor's race, and that's an opportunity of which McAuliffe could take advantage.  Considering his well-liked tenure as governor from 2014-2018, he'd start out as a frontrunner, especially with none of those men in the race, and if he were to be elected with a Democratic State Senate & General Assembly, he could quickly rack up wins on healthcare and other hot-button Democratic issues that could play well in a race for president in 2024 or 2028, when he'll still be relatively young, certainly compared to leading presidential candidates of this year like Bernie Sanders & Joe Biden.  Terry McAuliffe has had a knack in past years for seeing opportunity when others didn't-it's entirely possible that same instinct could pay off for him with his decision to focus on the local rather than national in 2019.

Saturday, April 20, 2019

OVP: Hello, Frisco, Hello (1943)

Film: Hello, Frisco, Hello (1943)
Stars: Alice Faye, John Payne, Jack Oakie, Lynn Bari, June Havoc
Director: H. Bruce Humberstone
Oscar History: 2 nominations/1 win (Best Cinematography-Color, Best Original Song-"You'll Never Know"*)
Snap Judgment Ranking: 3/5 stars

Each month, as part of our 2019 Saturdays with the Stars series, we highlight a different actress of Hollywood's Golden Age.  This month, our focus is on Alice Faye-click here to learn more about Ms. Faye (and why I picked her), and click here for other Saturdays with the Stars articles.

By 1943, Alice Faye was a conundrum for Fox.  It was clear, even to Faye herself (she'd later say so in interviews) that Warner was less-interested in her as a headliner and were more interested in promoting Betty Grable, who had eclipsed her as a box office draw.  Fox had a number of hit musicals throughout its Golden Age tenure, something we don't always think of when compared to the Grand Tetons of musical cinema that were being produced at the nearby MGM lot, but Faye had dominated musicals at the studio during this era, never really making a flop even when she was tasked with poor films.  Grable was a massive star across seas at the time, with her iconic pin-up poster becoming the bestselling one of World War II, and despite the two of them being framed as rivals (to the point where Faye was replaced by Grable in Down Argentine Way), they were actually good friends in real life.  This is a long way of saying, that by 1943, Faye had a lot more riding on Hello, Frisco, Hello than her stellar box office track record might have indicated.  Thankfully for Faye (and throwing Fox's plans for a loop), this was a MASSIVE hit in its era, one of her biggest films at the studio, and she was still too important to the studio to toss aside just yet.  As we'll see next week, Darryl Zanuck wasn't content to keep Faye at the top even if the public wanted her to stay there, but let's first get through Round 1 of her fight with the studio chief.

(Spoilers Ahead) Hello, Frisco, Hello has about as thin of a plot as you could get with a musical without it turning into a revue.  Johnny Cornell (Payne) is a vaudeville promoter and actor who wants to prove to his friends Dan (Oakie) and Beulah (Havoc, and yes this is the June Havoc of Baby June/Gypsy fame), as well as his neglected love interest Trudy (Faye) that he has what it takes to be a big-shot after they are thrown out of a bar early in the film.  Johnny proves them right, coasting in large part off of the talents of his leading lady Trudy, but fame comes at a cost.  He soon is romancing a beautiful heiress (whose fortune is a bit slack even if her attitude is not) Bernice Croft (Bari, in one of the many, many roles in this era where Bari is playing the "gorgeous rich bitch"...though supposedly Bari was second only to Betty Grable in terms of "pin-up girl" popularity during World War II despite her being a complete unknown today).  This causes a heartbroken Trudy, still madly in love with Johnny, to try her luck at stardom in Europe.  Trudy succeeds, Johnny fails, and Bernice proves herself to be the terrible human being the audience knows her to be (while Johnny is blinded by his lust of prestige and beautiful women).  The film ends with Trudy, Dan, and Beulah tricking Johnny into taking Trudy's money and starting a new club for them to perform in, and Johnny/Trudy getting their happy ending.

Musicals, more than any other genre, can get past cliches if they're charming enough.  Unlike, say, a film noir or a period drama, where cliche is going to give into boredom, solid stars and great numbers can carry a musical pretty darn far, and Hello, Frisco, Hello is a lot of fun.  The movie is littered with an array of really great musical numbers, with Faye in peak vocal form and Oakie & Havoc lovably mincing behind her for full comic effect.  The film was nominated for two Oscars, and it deserved both citations.  The cinematography (shot in Technicolor) is sublime, and perfectly lights all of the musical numbers, as Faye in particular has never looked more radiant.  And the movie introduced to audiences the Oscar-winning "You'll Never Know," a standard that has been covered by everyone from Frank Sinatra to Rosemary Clooney to Shirley Bassey, being big hits for all (due to a weird contract stipulation at the time, Faye wasn't allowed to record the song for record sales, but it became her signature tune anyway).  It's weird to think of such a popular standard being "original" at some point and not just part of the American lexicon, but you can see why during the film it's had such an enduring legacy.

And that's because of Faye.  As you may have been able to tell, I've been a bit surprised by how much I've adored the actress this month (considering so few people discuss her in film history), but this is her best role we've profiled to date, even if it's somewhat of a stock musical.  Faye is marvelous, heartbroken, finding just the right balance with her relationship with Payne to never make her feel like a doormat, but simply someone in love who also has dreams of her own (she just wants him along with for them).  It helps that, weirdly, Faye had already played this part in King of Burlesque, as Hello, Frisco, Hello was a remake of this 1936 film (which starred Faye & Oakie in the exact same roles, albeit playing differently-named characters).  The musical numbers are magic-her voice could so easily be on modern radios in a way I don't think you could even counter for stars like Sinatra today.  The way she brings a desperation to "You'll Never Know" is incredible-it says something that it feels like you're truly hearing the song for the first time even if you know it by heart.  I loved everything about her work here, and can see why this was a smash hit.  Next week we'll go into our first "straight" role for Faye (our final film in our tribute to her), and the role that caused her retirement from movies, but in the meantime, join me in the comments if you want to discuss your favorite Alice Faye musicals.

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

OVP: Sound Mixing (2015)

OVP: Best Sound Mixing (2015)

The Nominees Were...


Andy Nelson, Gary Rydstrom, & Drew Kunin, Bridge of Spies
Chris Jenkins, Gregg Rudloff, & Ben Osmo, Mad Max: Fury Road
Paul Massey, Mark Taylor, & Mac Ruth, The Martian
Jon Taylor, Frank A. Montano, Randy Thom, & Chris Duesterdiek, The Revenant
Andy Nelson, Christopher Scarabosio, & Stuart Wilson, Star Wars: The Force Awakens

My Thoughts: All right, we're jumping back into the 2015 OVP with a vengeance, as I've drawn this out far too long.  As I said in our last piece, I won't have a lot of these articles this month due to a prior writing obligation & an upcoming vacation, but starting in May we'll be doing two a week until 2015 is finished, and I already have 2016 on-deck.  We've made these films wait long enough, so let's get into the Sound Mixers of 2015.

I always find Sound Mixing to be the hardest subject to tackle for these write-ups, and a prime reason for that is something like Bridge of SpiesBridge of Spies has perfectly serviceable sound mixing, and some interesting sound work when it comes to both the flight of Austin Stowell's Francis Gary Powers (the best scene in the film, and particularly great because it doesn't involve Thomas Newman's score, giving us more urgency for the scene), as well as the quieter scenes with Mark Rylance prior to his betting arrested.  However, the rest of the picture is missing the care that you'd expect from a film that is lacking in effects or a musical score for Sound Mixing, and I don't entirely get why this was nominated.  The problem for me is, without either a clear catch or sound work so extraordinary (like Roma a few years later) that it's easy to recognize, I don't know if we're missing some smaller angles on Bridge of Spies' achievements.

It's considerably easier to see the worth of a film like Fury Road.  Dominated by terrific sound design, shot across deserts, this is the sort of picture where sound mixing is clearly at the forefront, rather than something you have to stretch to make important.  George Miller's film takes a great deal of risk with its sound work that pays off; in a less confident director's hands, we'd end up with something resembling a typical, large action film, but there's care here.  Look at the uniqueness of the thundering war vehicles as they trudge across the sand, or the way that certain villains like Immortan Joe seem to have their own daunting noises.  "Oh what a lovely day" indeed.

Mad Max's biggest competition for me on the Sound Mixing front is Star Wars.  Like Mad Max, the iconography here for the sound work has past precedent (both are late installments in long franchises).  However, Star Wars still finds some remarkable scene work here, blending the old-and-new of John Williams soundtrack to create a nostalgic, old-school action affair.  I loved the quieter moments, where instead of sound effects we rely on dusty conversation, like when Han Solo first emerges into the Millennium Falcon.  The great chase scenes, especially the early ones with Finn & Rey, stand out as some of the best in the series in terms of their sound design, and what could feel like a gimme nomination ends up being well-earned.

Perhaps more in the "gimme nomination" category is The Revenant.  The film does have a lot of organic sound work, which is really cool-the opening scene in particular with the constant shifting of the surroundings and the babbling, cold brook is extraordinary in all technical aspects, but after that I'm left flummoxed as to why this was included, though the appeal in general of The Revenant is lost on me (save the cinematography).  The rest of the film does have organic sound work, but it's never as thrilling and frequently feels more just like hearing Tom Hardy or Leonardo DiCaprio panting.  That might be a fantasy you have for yourself, but it's hardly Oscar-worthy.

The final nominated picture is The Martian, a movie that's perhaps the biggest test for me in the OVP in a while.  My goal is to judge all of these films in a vacuum, giving out the trophy without any concept of previous films or future nominations, but it's hard not to compare The Martian with Gravity and Interstellar, two similar space odysseys, one of which was a landmark in Sound Mixing and one a catastrophe (click the below contests to decipher which is which).  The sound work here is somewhere in the middle.  The trudge across the Martian desert (lots of desert sound work this year), is great, but the scenes on Earth aren't particularly impressive, and that opening sequence where you can't hear any of the dialogue over the cacophony of wind storms still hits a nerve (you can have easily-heard dialogue while still imparting that the characters are in danger!), so I find this nomination also veering into "gimme" territory even though it's better than The Revenant.

Other Precursor Contenders: The Cinema Audio Society splits their nominations between live-action and animated features, so with Live-Action we got almost an exact replica of the Academy Awards, with only The Martian getting skipped in favor of The Hateful Eight (The Revenant took the trophy).  For Animated, we saw Inside Out triumph over Minions, Hotel Transylvania 2, The Peanuts Movie, and The Good Dinosaur.  At the BAFTA Awards, The Revenant also took the win, this time over an exact replica of the Oscar lineup.  I actually think this nomination lineup was so well-established that a sixth place finisher was a distant sixth place finisher, but if I had to ponder one I think I'd go outside the box, not hitting The Hateful Eight or Sicario, but perhaps something like Furious 7 which had a lot of steam at the time in the wake of Paul Walker's death and a huge box office (for the film and the series).
Films I Would Have Nominated: I'd probably throw in three new names to this mix and keep Mad Max & Star Wars in the running.  Sicario deserved the Oscar nomination here for that sequence at the Mexican border alone, and I probably would throw in a movie like Carol, which doesn't stand out in a major way (though if Bridge of Spies counts...), but combines its score elegantly with the dialogue, and I think some of the hushed tones of the conversation scenes, especially in public (Rooney & Cate in the restaurants, Rooney & Jake on the street) are particularly well-done and we should occasionally recognize the subtle.  My final choice, and my favorite sound mixing of 2015, would be Son of Saul, which had those haunting, jittery tracking shots where we come in and out of conversations & discover characters almost as background noise.
Oscar’s Choice: Oscar struck away from the precursor awards, giving Mad Max the trophy over well-bandied The Revenant.
My Choice: I'm going to flip my Sound Editing verdict here, giving the trophy to Mad Max over Star Wars, as it feels just a bit more unique.  In third is The Martian, followed by Revenant and Bridge of Spies.

Those are my choices-how about you?  Are you with Oscar & I that Mad Max rose above the competition, or do you stick with the precursors' selection of The Revenant?  Can anyone explain to me what made Bridge of Spies so worthy here?  And in a very established race, any ideas on who was in sixth place?  Share your thoughts in the comments!

Past Best Sound Mixing Contests: 20072008200920102011201220132014